Chinese Exclusion acts: Subjective Conditions
1. Groups and individuals who claimed that there was a social problem that needed to be addressed or resolved
The Chinese-Canadian population was outraged and humiliated at the forming of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 which banned any person of Chinese descent from entering the Dominion of Canada. Even though they were angry, the Chinese population mostly lacked positions of power or wealth and therefore no major orginizations formed against the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 spoke out.
The white population on the other hand also detested the Chinese-Canadian population and wanted them to be banned from Canada. They spoke out and had many events describing how they wished the for the banning of the Chinese immigrants. Many newspapers expressed the sympathies of most white Canadians and rejoiced when the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 came into effect on July 1, 1923; effectively stopping further immigration from China.
2. How the social problem was described the groups and individuals involved.
Chinese-Canadians involved and affected by the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 described being humiliated and discriminated against by other Canadians while they lived there. Many described feeling angered when the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 was established on July 1, 1923. This is why many Chinese-Canadians know July 1 as "Humiliation Day".
The white population of Canada described their disliking with Chinese immigration and their wish for Chinese to be banned from Canada commonly and part of this dislike stemmed from a fear that since the Chinese-Canadian immigration had grown quickly in years between 1885 and 1923 that soon the Chinese-Canadian population would outnumber the white population and soon the white population would be a minority in contrast to a majority. The differences between races was so great that it was not uncommon for shops to boast that they only used white labour to make their products and that they did not use Chinese labour.
3. Politicians or groups who were held responsible for the social problem
John Alexander Macdonald (January 11, 1815- June 6, 1891) : The Scottish-born first prime minister of Canada who along with Parliament of Canada at the time instated the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 and the Head Tax that it imposed upon Chinese immigrants who wished to enter Canada.
William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17,1874- July 22, 1950): The longest serving Canadian prime minister in history who was the tenth prime minister of Canada and along with the Parliament of Canada at the time would have been responsible for establishing the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 or the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 and therefore prohibiting Chinese immigrants from entering the Dominion of Canada.
Parliament of Canada: The Parliament of Canada at the times of the establishment of both the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 and the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 have been held most publicly responsible for instating both of these Chinese immigration acts and therefore responsible for instating the Head Tax and prohibiting any immigrants of Chinese descent to enter Canada.
The Chinese-Canadian population was outraged and humiliated at the forming of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 which banned any person of Chinese descent from entering the Dominion of Canada. Even though they were angry, the Chinese population mostly lacked positions of power or wealth and therefore no major orginizations formed against the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 spoke out.
The white population on the other hand also detested the Chinese-Canadian population and wanted them to be banned from Canada. They spoke out and had many events describing how they wished the for the banning of the Chinese immigrants. Many newspapers expressed the sympathies of most white Canadians and rejoiced when the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 came into effect on July 1, 1923; effectively stopping further immigration from China.
2. How the social problem was described the groups and individuals involved.
Chinese-Canadians involved and affected by the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 described being humiliated and discriminated against by other Canadians while they lived there. Many described feeling angered when the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 was established on July 1, 1923. This is why many Chinese-Canadians know July 1 as "Humiliation Day".
The white population of Canada described their disliking with Chinese immigration and their wish for Chinese to be banned from Canada commonly and part of this dislike stemmed from a fear that since the Chinese-Canadian immigration had grown quickly in years between 1885 and 1923 that soon the Chinese-Canadian population would outnumber the white population and soon the white population would be a minority in contrast to a majority. The differences between races was so great that it was not uncommon for shops to boast that they only used white labour to make their products and that they did not use Chinese labour.
3. Politicians or groups who were held responsible for the social problem
John Alexander Macdonald (January 11, 1815- June 6, 1891) : The Scottish-born first prime minister of Canada who along with Parliament of Canada at the time instated the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 and the Head Tax that it imposed upon Chinese immigrants who wished to enter Canada.
William Lyon Mackenzie King (December 17,1874- July 22, 1950): The longest serving Canadian prime minister in history who was the tenth prime minister of Canada and along with the Parliament of Canada at the time would have been responsible for establishing the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 or the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 and therefore prohibiting Chinese immigrants from entering the Dominion of Canada.
Parliament of Canada: The Parliament of Canada at the times of the establishment of both the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 and the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 have been held most publicly responsible for instating both of these Chinese immigration acts and therefore responsible for instating the Head Tax and prohibiting any immigrants of Chinese descent to enter Canada.